Negentropy does not contradict Sadi Carnot’s work. Negentropy has been developed and put into perspective based on the work of mathematician Claude Shannon by Léon Brillouin. Negentropy is used to explain the presence of “order” within living beings and their tendency to oppose the chaos and disorganization that governs physical systems. It was introduced in the context of a major scientific debate by several physicists including by Erwin Schrödinger. The term Negentropy is an abbreviation of “Negative Entropy”. In ecology, Shannon Entropy is used as a measure of biodiversity through the Shannon index.Įntropy’s opposing force is called Negentropy. The Entropy of the source in this case is therefore non-zero (positive) and quantitatively represents the uncertainty of the information from the source. On the other hand, if the source sends alternatively “0” or “1”, the receiver is uncertain about the next digit it will receive. Certainly, a receiver that only knows the transmission statistics of the source is assured that the next symbol will be “0”. Thus, if a source always sends the same symbol, for example the digit “0”, then its Entropy is null, which is the minimal Entropy. This source can be a text written in a given language, an electrical signal or any computer file (byte data).įrom a receiver’s point of view, the greater amount of different information the source emits, the greater is the Entropy (or uncertainty about what the source emits). Shannon Entropy is a mathematical function that intuitively corresponds to the amount of information contained or delivered by an information source. This is another expression of Boltzmann’s Entropy in thermodynamics. In information theory, Entropy quantifies the lack of information. Using the thermodynamic relationship between energy, temperature and Entropy, Hawking was able to confirm Bekenstein’s conjecture and show that : Starting from Stephen Hawking’s work, Jacob Bekenstein guessed that the Black Hole Entropy was proportional to the area of its event horizon divided by the Planck area. Later, the Entropy principle has been used in astrophysics, especially for measuring the Black Hole thermodynamics. The more space a system has, the more the system is disorganized, and the greater the number of possible locations. Since the number of possible arrangements is higher in System 2 than in System 1, we can write:Īccording to Boltzmann’s definition, we can write: An atom or a molecule can be located at any place in space. In statistical physics, the state number is defined by:īoltzmann has shown that Equation (3) is only an extension of Equation (1).Įntropy is directly linked to the state element. Therefore, the Entropy principle has been extended to subatomic particles by Boltzmann. This means:īut thermodynamics only describes macroscopic effects. ∆ S: The entropy evolution in the system.Įntropy is stated, in the second principle of thermodynamics, as spontaneously increasing in an isolated system. In thermodynamics, Entropy is defined by the following formula: Entropy characterizes the degree of disorganization, or unpredictability of the information content of a system. It was Clausius who completed the second principle of thermodynamics. The term entropy was introduced in 1865 by Rudolf Clausius from a Greek word meaning “transformation”. Carnot may not have used the word “Entropy”, but he developed the principle. The Entropy principle was initially introduced by the French scientist Sadi Carnot in 1824. Entropy is the more commonly known, while Negentropy is its opposite. A cycle is composed of two opposing principals, Entropy and Negentropy. Using the I-Theory, we will explain them in a simple manner and make a link with the gravitational force.Ģ. In this context, we will explore the concepts of Entropy and Negentropy. Since the I-Theory is a unifying theory, it is also able to elucidate the destructive and constructive forces, which are the driving forces of life. The paper showed how I-Theory successfully encompasses all major theories like the Standard Model, General Relativity, Big Bang, Super symmetry, etc., and finally offered a new and expanded context for the main concepts in physics, like Dark Matter, Dark Energy, the four interaction forces, and so on. In a previous article entitled “I-Theory-a Unifying Quantum Theory?”, the authors introduced the I-Theory as a unifying theory.
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